Are Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Really Reversible?

Posted on January 23rd, 2008

Categories: insulin resistance | heart disease | glucose | Diabetes | blood sugar

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Diabetes is not reversible and controlling your blood sugar with drugs or insulin will protect you from organ damage and death.

That is what the medical profession would have you believe, but medication and insulin can actually increase your risk getting a heart attack or dying.

The diabetes epidemic is accelerating along with the obesity epidemic, and what you are not hearing about is another way to treat it.

Type 2 diabetes, or what was once called adult onset diabetes, is increasing worldwide and now affects nearly 100 million people -- and over 20 million Americans.

We are seeing increasing rates of Type 2 diabetes, especially in children, which has increased over 1,000 percent in the last decade and was unknown before this generation. One in three children born today will have diabetes in their lifetime.

Yet this is an entirely preventable lifestyle disease.

In a report in The New England Journal of Medicine, Walter Willett, MD, PhD, and his colleagues from the Harvard School of Public Health demonstrated that 91 percent of all Type 2 diabetes cases could be prevented through improvements lifestyle and diet.

Today, I want to review in detail this new way of thinking about diabetes and outline the tests I recommend to identify problems with blood sugar. Then next week I want to tell you exactly how to prevent, treat, and reverse Type 2 diabetes.

The Road to Diabetes Starts Early

Diabetes is often undiagnosed until its later stages. Insulin resistance, when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, is primarily what causes diabetes.

When your diet is full of empty calories, an abundance of quickly absorbed sugars and carbohydrates (bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, etc.), the body slowly becomes resistant to the effects of insulin and needs more to do the same job of keeping your blood sugar even.

High insulin levels are the first sign of a problem. The high insulin leads to an appetite that is out of control, and increasing weight gain around the belly.

High levels of insulin are warning signs -- they precede Type 2 diabetes by decades.

Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome associated with it is often accompanied by increasing central obesity, fatigue after meals, sugar cravings, high triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, problems with blood clotting, as well as increased inflammation.

These clues can often be picked up decades before anyone ever gets diabetes -- and may help you prevent diabetes entirely.

If you have a family history of obesity (especially around the belly), diabetes, early heart disease, or even dementia you are even more prone to this problem.

Most people know about the common complications of diabetes such as heart attacks, strokes, amputations, blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Some may even know that it increases your risk of dementia and cancers and can cause impotence.

But most people don’t realize that insulin resistance or pre-diabetes can be just as bad causing heart attacks, strokes, dementia, cancer, and impotence -- decades before you get diabetes.

In fact many people with pre-diabetes never get diabetes, but they are at severe risk just the same.

Living in Harmony with Our Genes

We were highly adapted to a nutrient-dense, low-sugar, high-fiber diet rich in omega-3 fats. But when we eat out of harmony with our genes, we turn on genes that promote diabetes.

Take Arizona’s Pima Indians, for example.

They were thin and fit 100 years ago, living on a diet of over 70 percent carbohydrates. They ate high-fiber, unprocessed plant foods and they had no diabetes or obesity.

Now, in just one generation, they are nearly all obese and 80 percent have diabetes by the time they are 30 years old!

That’s because they are eating food that turns on all the wrong gene messages -- foods like sugar, trans fats, white flour, and processed foods.

Diabetes is Reversible: Diagnose Problems as Early as Possible

Diabetes and pre-diabetes ARE reversible.

New science shows that it’s possible, through an aggressive approach of lifestyle, nutritional support, and occasionally medications.

It is important to diagnose Type 2 diabetes early, but it is often not diagnosed until very late.

In fact, all doctors should aggressively diagnose pre-diabetes decades before diabetes occurs, and before any damage is done to your body. Damage begins with even slight changes in insulin and blood sugar.

Unfortunately, there is a continuum of risk from slightly abnormal insulin and blood sugar to full blown diabetes. This should be addressed as early as possible on the continuum.

In a recent study, anyone with a fasting blood sugar of over 87 was at increased risk of diabetes. The lowest risk group had a blood sugar less than 81.

Most doctors are not concerned until the blood sugar is over 110 -- or worse, over 126, which is diabetes. Therefore, I recommend early testing with anyone who has a family history of Type 2 diabetes, central abdominal weight gain or abnormal cholesterol.

Don’t wait until your sugar is high.

Testing for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

The tests I recommend include the following:

1. Insulin Glucose Challenge Test – This should be done with a 2-hour glucose challenge, 75 grams measuring fasting, 1- and 2-hour blood sugar AND insulin. Your blood sugar should be less than 80 fasting and never rise above 110 or 120 after one to two hours. Your insulin should be less than 5 fasting and should never rise above 30 after one to two hours. I recommend this test for everyone over 50, and for anyone with any risk of insulin resistance, even children.

2. Hemoglobin A1C Test – This is an important measure of glycated hemoglobin, which can be an early indicator of sugar problems. It measures sugars and proteins combining into glycated proteins called AGEs (advanced glycation end products), like the crust on bread, or the crispy top on crème brule. These create inflammation and oxidative stress throughout the body, and promote heart disease and dementia and accelerating aging. The hemoglobin A1C should ideally be less than 5.5. Anything over 6 is considered diabetes.

3. Lipid Profiles – These are also important. An HDL or good cholesterol level under 60 and triglycerides over 100 should make you suspicious of insulin resistance. An HDL under 40 and a triglyceride level over 150 usually means diabetes.

4. NMR Lipid Profile – This test is slightly different from the one above as it identifies the size of your cholesterol particles. With insulin resistance or Type 2 diabetes, you develop small LDL and HDL cholesterol particles. They are much more dangerous than larger particles and lead to increased risk of atherosclerosis or heart disease.

5. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Test – This is a measure of inflammation, one of the classic conditions that is both the cause and result of insulin resistance and diabetes. It should be less than 1, and is often associated with diabetes. In fact, anyone with a high C-reactive protein has a 1,700 percent increased risk of getting diabetes.

6. Homocysteine Test – Homocysteine levels are often abnormal in people with diabetes. The test is a measure of folic acid deficiency. It should be between 6 and 8.

7. Fibrinogen Test – This measures your risk of clotting, which can cause heart attacks and strokes. It is also a sign of inflammation and is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. It should be less than 300.

8. Check Ferritin Levels – These are often elevated in people with diabetes. It is a nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with the disease. It also can mean an overload of iron in the body. It should be less than 150.

9. Uric Acid Test – Your level should be less than 6. Higher levels indicate problems with insulin resistance. This can lead to gout, which is related to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.

10. Liver Function Tests – Elevated liver function can result from insulin resistance. This is the major cause of fatty liver and elevated liver function in this country. This is entirely due to sugar and carbohydrates in our diet that cause fatty liver, liver damage, and even cirrhosis.

These are tests any doctor can perform and are covered by insurance.

That’s all for today.

In next week’s blog, I will tell you how to prevent, treat, and even reverse diabetes. I have seen this hundreds of times in my patients and there is no reason you can’t achieve the same thing if you apply these principles.

Till then, remember what Michael Pollan said: “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.”

Now I’d like to hear from you ...

Have you been diagnosed with pre-diabetes or diabetes?

Have you been told that it is irreversible?

What steps have you taken to prevent diabetes?

Please let me know your thoughts by leaving a comment below.

To your good health,

Mark Hyman, M.D.

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Thank you, yet again

Dear Dr. Hyman:

Thank you so much for taking the mystery out of the lab numbers. Your presentation cleared up a lot and put some pieces of the puzzle together for me. I have had most of the tests you mention and some of the results have been "slightly elevated" or "out of range" or "probably just a one-time thing". And, my doctor has NEVER explained the ramifications of not getting the numbers in the normal range, what might be causing them not to be or how they all relate to each other. You have opened my eyes once again.

I am so glad to have this information so that I can request these tests be done for my upcoming physical. And, I will actually know what the results mean! I am already eating well and exercising regularly, so I hope my efforts are reflected in the results.

I realize doctors don't think their patients will do what it takes to improve their diseases without pills or potions, but it's time for us all to wake up and take responsibility for our own actions. I often hear from friends and family, "Oh, I could never give up ______"(fill in the blank with things like coffee, wine, soda, cookies, pasta, or whatever poison they name), but after more than a year of cleaning up my own food intake, I can honestly say that nothing tastes as good as being healthier feels.

Many blessings,

Cat

by cat at 01:30 PM on 01/24/08

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Are Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Really Reversible?

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